In contrast, V-Dem, a Sweden-based group that has also assessed countries’ levels of democracy for decades, went there in its recent report, delivering a formal downgrade to the United States. V-Dem designates countries as either closed autocracy, electoral autocracy, electoral democracy, or liberal democracy. Electoral democracies have free and fair elections and basic freedoms for all citizens. Liberal democracy, according to V-Dem, goes further and also includes real checks on executive power and a strong rule of law. I suspect most Americans not enthralled with Trump want the U.S. to be a full-fledged liberal democracy. But alas: V-Dem declared for the first time in decades that the United States is no longer a liberal democracy and is instead simply an electoral one.
The V-Dem report was scathing, in my view more forthrightly stating the radicalism of the Trump administration in 2025 (even compared to 2017–2021) than the other two reports. (I suspect experts from outside the United States are willing to be more frank because they are not cowed by Republican claims that academics and other experts are biased against conservatives.) V-Dem argued that U.S. democracy has diminished to levels similar to its state in 1965. I repeat, 1965. Jim Crow was ending then. V-Dem said that according to its rankings, the U.S. dropped from the twentieth-most democratic of the 179 nations it measures to the fifty-first in Trump’s first year. By V-Dem’s formal scores, the U.S. declined from 0.75 under Biden to 0.57 under Trump, a 24 percent decline.
Here’s the most chilling statistic: According to V-Dem’s measures, Trump has plunged the United States in an authoritarian direction at a much faster rate than Hungary’s Viktor Orbán, India’s Narendra Modi, and Turkey’s Recep Tayyip Erdoğan did in their respective nations. Those are the quintessential authoritarians of this era. And Trump is outdoing them all.
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